Reflective Writing of Gifted Hands-the Ben Carson Story Essay

â€Å"Gifted Hands: The Ben Carson Story† is a genuine story film that spins on the life of Benjamin â€Å"Ben† Carson who defeat neediness, prejudice, and a vicious temper to turn into an incredibly famous Pediatric Neurosurgeon that gives him an extraordinary credit in the field of Medicine. In his initial years, he is the stupidest understudy in their group that made her mom come up on a choice on asking them (Ben and his sibling Curtis) to begin perusing books in the Detroit Public Library since she doesn’t need her youngsters will wind up like her. After a short time, Ben moved from the base of the class to the top. As he enters the universe of Medicine as a Pediatric Neurosurgeon in John Hopkins Hospital, he effectively played out a historic medical procedure isolating conjoined Siamese twins who were brought into the world joined at the head (this mind boggling medical procedure has never been accomplished without losses). It was an achievement in neurosur gery, yet was a long way from the main worth referencing accomplishment of Carson’s vocation. For me, the most significant occasion in the film was the point at which his Ben’s mother bestowed him, â€Å"You can do whatever any other person can do, no one but you can do it better.† This selection was planned for Ben to be urged and to support his certainty to seek after with his endeavors to be as well as can be expected be. He gradually finds that his cerebrum is to be sure equipped for both wise and innovative idea. It’s a disclosure †the wonder of human mind †that totally completely changes him and shapes the course of his future. Learning created when this selection was bestowed, for me the essence of the extract is there’s nothing outlandish in the event that we simply feel that we can put forth a valiant effort, it just takes mental fortitude, fearlessness, self-adequacy and confidence in God. Whatever course you settle on, there is consistently somebody to disclose to you that you are incorrect. There are consistently challenges em erging which entice you to accept that your faultfinders are correct. To outline a game-plan and tail it to an end requires fearlessness. This is like Bandura’s Self-Efficacy Theory. Bandura’s hypothesis stresses the job of observational learning, social experience, and corresponding determinism in the advancement of character. As indicated by Bandura, a person’s mentalities, capacities, and psychological aptitudes contain what is known as the self-framework. This framework assumes a significant job by they way we see circumstances and how we carry on in light of various circumstances. Self-adequacy has a basic influence of this self-framework. As per Albert Bandura, self-viability is â€Å"the faith in one’s abilities to compose and execute the blueprints required to oversee planned situations† (1995, p. 2). At the end of the day, self-adequacy is a person’s confidence in their capacity to prevail in a specific circumstance. Bandura portrayed these convictions as determinants of how individuals think, act, and feel (1994). Since Bandura distributed his original 1977 paper, â€Å"Self-Efficacy: Toward a Unifying Theory of Behavioral Change,† the subject has gotten one of the most examined points in brain research. (http://psychology.about.com/od/theoriesofpersonality/a/self_efficacy.htm). Since in Bandura’s Theory of Self-Efficacy confirms that self-adequacy can affect everything from mental state to conduct to inspiration while individuals with high self-viability †that is, the individuals who accept they can perform wellâ€are bound to see troublesome undertakings as something to be aced instead of something to be stayed away from. Like in the Bandura’s Theory of Self-Efficacy this uncovers it is the means by which one adjudicators one’s own skill to finish errands, capacity to perform well and arrive at objectives. Self-adequacy influences each zone of human undertaking, by deciding the convictions an individual holds with respect to their capacity to influence circ umstances, in this manner firmly impacting both the force an individual really needs to confront difficulties and the decisions an individual is generally liable to make. These impacts are especially evident, and convincing, with respect to practices influencing wellbeing. It is particular both from viability and from confidence, certainty, and self-idea. Seeing how to cultivate the improvement of self-adequacy is significant for policymakers, teachers, and others in administration positions, and to anybody looking to construct a more joyful, increasingly beneficial life. Much the same as in Ben Carson’s story when he was faltering on seeking after the activity between the Siamese twins since this medical procedure wasn’t effectively accomplish or acknowledged previously. Be that as it may, with the uplifting statements of his mom, he quickly directed some exploration like understanding books and applying his stock information. Through these, he effective run the procedure on the Rausch twins and that caused him to cut his name in prominence. Having viewed the film â€Å"Gifted Hands: The Ben Carson Story† I understand that in life we should have faith in ourselves. Have confidence in our quality, capacities, and have confidence in God. Like in the tale of Ben Carson in the wake of understanding the expressions of her mom, he gradually finds that his mind is for sure equipped for both wise and inventive idea. It’s a disclosure †the marvel of human mind †that totally completely changes him and shapes the course of his future. Moreover, I discovered that we should not put a few hindrances or confinements promptly on the things we think we can’t do. Don’t put down yourself and disregard things immediately. Have After viewing the film, I have altogether improved my impression of fearlessness to accomplish anything even the incomprehensible. This causes me to feel that fearlessness my key to each accomplishment of objectives and in any event, outperforming a few troubles throughout everyday life. This discernment will be a helpful apparatus to me as student in light of the fact that to have the option to prevail in life is to confront some up’s and down’s of existence with full mental fortitude and there will be no boldness if fearlessness is absent. As a following stage, I should be liberal in all prospects that could occur, even it will be an accomplishment or disaster, and prepared to confront them with fearlessness and confidence in God.

Objects in English Grammar

Items in English Grammar In English language, an article is aâ noun, a thing expression, or a pronoun that is influenced by the activity of an action word. Articles give our language detail and surface by permitting the formation of complex sentences. Prepositions additionally have objects. Sorts of Objects Articles can work three different ways inside a sentence. The initial two areâ easy to spot since they follow the action word: Direct objectsâ are the consequences of activity. A subject accomplishes something, and the item is simply the article. For instance, think about this sentence: Marie composed a sonnet. For this situation, theâ noun sonnet follows the transitive action word composed and finishes the importance of the sentence.Indirect objectsâ receive or react to the result of an activity. Think about this model: Marie sent me an email. The pronoun meâ comes after the action word sent and before the thing email, which is the immediate item in this sentence. The backhanded article consistently goes before the direct object.Objects of a prepositionâ are things and pronouns in an expression that adjusts the importance of an action word. For instance: Marie lives in a residence. In this sentence, the thing dormitory follows the relational word in. Together, they structure a prepositional expression. Items can work in dynamic and latent voice. A thing that fills in as an immediate article in the dynamic voice turns into the subject when the sentence is reworked in the passiveâ voice. For instance: Dynamic: Bob bought another grill.Passive: another barbecue was bought by Bob. This trademark, called passivization, is the thing that makes objects extraordinary. Not certain if a word is an article? Have a go at changing over it from dynamic to latent voice; in the event that you can, the word is an article. Direct Objects Direct items recognize what or who gets the activity of a transitive action word in a provision or sentence. When pronouns work as immediate articles, they usually appear as the goal case (me, us, him, her, them, whom, and whomever). Think about the accompanying sentences, taken from Charlottes Web, by E.B. White: She shut theâ cartonâ carefully. First she kissed herâ father, at that point she kissed herâ mother. At that point she opened theâ lidâ again, lifted theâ pigâ out, and heldâ itâ against herâ cheek. Theres just one subject in this section, yet there are six direct items (container, father, mother, top, pig, it), five things and a pronoun. Ing words (action words finishing off with ing that go about as things) some of the time additionally fill in as immediate items. For instance: Jim appreciates cultivating on the weekends.â My mom remembered perusing and preparing for her rundown of leisure activities. Roundabout Objects Things and pronouns additionally work as aberrant items. These articles are the recipients or beneficiaries of the activity in a sentence. Circuitous items answer the inquiries to/for whom and to/for what. For model: My auntie opened her handbag and gave the man a quarter. It was his birthday so Mom hadâ baked Bobâ aâ chocolate cake. In the principal model, the man is given a coin. The quarter is an immediate article and it benefits the man, a roundabout item. In the subsequent model, the cake is the immediate item and it benefits Bob, the aberrant article. Relational words and Verbs Articles that pair with relational words work uniquely in contrast to immediate and backhanded items, which follow action words. These things and action words reference a relational word and change the activity of the bigger sentence. For instance: Young ladies are playing b-ball around an utilityâ poleâ with a metal loop catapulted toâ it. He sat in the cellar of the structure, among the cases, perusing a book on his break.â In the primary model, the prepositional articles are post and circle. in the subsequent model, the prepositional articles are storm cellar, assembling, boxes, and break. Like direct items, prepositionalâ objects get the activity of the subject in the sentences yet need a relational word for the sentence to bode well. Spotting relational words is significant provided that you utilize an inappropriate one, it can confound perusers. Consider how odd the subsequent sentence would sound in the event that it started, He sat on the basement...â Transitive action words likewise require an item for them to bode well. There are three sorts of transitive action words. Monotransitive action words have an immediate article, though ditransitive action words have an immediate item and a roundabout article. Complex-transitive action words have an immediate item and an article trait. For instance: Monotransitive: Bob purchased a vehicle. (The immediate article is car.)Ditransitive: Bob gave me the keys to his new vehicle. (The roundabout article is me; the immediate item is keys.)Complex-transitive: I heardâ him yelling. (The immediate item is him; the article quality is yelling.) Intransitive action words, then again, needn't bother with an article so as to finish their significance. Sources Woods, Geraldine. Utilizing Pronouns as Direct and Indirect Objects. Dummies.com. Staff editors. Pronoun Case. Cliffsnotes.com. Staff editors. Immediate and Indirect Object Pronouns. College of Wisconsin-Madison.

Strong Acid Definition and Examples

Solid Acid Definition and Examples A solid corrosive is a corrosive that is totally separated or ionized in a fluid arrangement. It is a compound animal varieties with a high ability to lose a proton, H. In water, a solid corrosive loses one proton, which is caught by water to shape the hydronium particle: HA(aq) H2O â†' H3O(aq) Aâˆ'(aq) Diprotic and polyprotic acids may lose more than one proton, however the solid corrosive pKa worth and response just alludes to the loss of the primary proton. Solid acids have a little logarithmic consistent (pKa) and an enormous corrosive separation steady (Ka). Most solid acids are destructive, yet a portion of the superacids are not destructive. Interestingly, a portion of the frail acids (e.g., hydrofluoric corrosive) might be exceptionally destructive. Note: As corrosive focus builds, the capacity to separate decreases. Under ordinary conditions in water, solid acids separate totally, yet very thought arrangements don't. Instances of Strong Acids While there are numerous frail acids, there are barely any solid acids. The regular solid acids include: HCl (hydrochloric acid)H2SO4 (sulfuric acid)HNO3 (nitric acid)HBr (hydrobromic acid)HClO4 (perchloric acid)HI (hydroiodic acid)p-toluenesulfonic corrosive (a natural solvent solid acid)methanesulfonic corrosive (a fluid natural solid corrosive) The accompanying acids separate totally in water, so they are regularly viewed as solid acids, in spite of the fact that they are not more acidic than the hydronium particle, H3O. HNO3 (nitric acid)HClO3 (chloric corrosive) A few scientific experts consider the hydronium particle, bromic corrosive, occasional corrosive, perbromic corrosive, and intermittent corrosive to be solid acids. On the off chance that the capacity to give protons is utilized as the essential standard for corrosive quality, at that point the solid acids (from most grounded to most vulnerable) would be: H[SbF6] (fluoroantimonic acid)FSO3HSbF5 (magic acid)H(CHB11Cl11) (carborane superacid)FSO3H (fluorosulfuric acid)CF3SO3H (triflic corrosive) These are the superacids, which are characterized as acids that are more acidic than 100% sulfuric corrosive. The superacids forever protonate water. Elements That Determine Acid Strength You might be asking why the solid acids separate so well, or why certain powerless acids don't totally ionize. A couple of variables become an integral factor: nuclear range - As the nuclear sweep increments does as well, corrosiveness. For instance, HI is a more grounded corrosive than HCl (iodine is a bigger molecule than chlorine).electronegativity - The more electronegative a conjugate base in a similar time of the occasional table is (A-), the more acidic it is.electrical charge - The more positive the charge on a particle, the higher its causticity. At the end of the day, its simpler to take a proton from an unbiased animal types than from one with a negative charge.equilibrium - When a corrosive separates, harmony is reached with its conjugate base. On account of solid acids, the balance unequivocally favors the item or is to one side of a compound condition. The conjugate base of a solid corrosive is a lot more vulnerable than water as a base.solvent - In many applications, solid acids are talked about corresponding to water as a dissolvable. In any case, sharpness and basicity have significance in nonaqueous dissolvable. For instan ce, in fluid smelling salts, acidic corrosive ionizes totally and might be viewed as a solid corrosive, despite the fact that it is a frail corrosive in water.

Arguments upon the American dream Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Contentions upon the American dream - Essay Example As expressed by eminent American creator, F. Scott Fitzgerald, in the novel ‘The Great Gatsby’, the American dream is the quest for satisfaction. Each American man has been attempting his best so as to improve and win more by showing signs of improvement work. In the novel, the heroes, or the individuals from the family attempt their best to accomplish the same number of assets as they can just as gain riches and make a big deal about themselves. They each have their very own fantasy and attempt their level best to accomplish the status of a rich individual. In the present day and age also, most Americans share a similar dream and have given their best to move up a shot the riches stepping stool so as to have the option to have a higher buying influence with the goal that they can gain a higher status for themselves in the public arena and have the option to interest for additional items. (The American Dream - F. Scott Fitzgerald) In any case, this very dream has been impugned by the American individuals, generally known as the Whites, in view of the inundation of an enormous populace that has been setting and building up itself inside America, for quite a while. The Whites feel preference inside their souls against workers for the sole explanation that they feel that the others have been removing their occupations and have along these lines, all the while, removed their ‘American dream’. Along these lines, the Whites are not having the option to satisfy their wants because of the deficiency of occupations and work open doors just as seats in instructive establishments, schools and universities. The White race inside the bounds of the United States has likewise been moving throughout the years in view of movements by individuals from various nations, having a place with various races. As per various reports, throughout the years, the move has been so much that half of America comprises of the Whit es now and its remainder comprises of individuals having a place with different races, for the most part the Blacks and the Browns. (Government Census) A race is a line of individuals estimated based on their skin shading; there are various individuals that are ‘racists’ or those that segregate based on a person’s skin shading and don't extend to him employment opportunities or instructive open doors as a result of a similar explanation. For quite a while, White individuals have been known to be racists in light of the fact that there has been a past filled with them oppressing individuals having a place with different races. Today in America individuals having a place with different races have been confronting this issue brutally and are thinking that its hard to get by there. The Whites just notice that they are compelled to make these strides with the goal for them to have the option to hold their occupations and different chances and not have everything being offered away to others. Being bigot is an awful thing since segregation on any ground is anything but a common activity to complete. In any case, generally, there is a sure sum that the nation may miss out on by losing a White dominant part on the grounds that an immense measure of industrialization has been realized by the Whites. They have had the option to contribute an incredible add up to the universe of current data and innovation with the assistance of the approach of the web just as other worldwide correspondence offices. They have set the bar for the

Major General George McClellan in the Civil War

Significant General George McClellan in the Civil War George Brinton McClellan was conceived December 23, 1826 in Philadelphia, PA. The third offspring of Dr. George McClellan and Elizabeth Brinton, McClellan quickly went to the University of Pennsylvania in 1840 preceding leaving to seek after lawful examinations. Exhausted with the law, McClellan chose for look for a military vocation two years after the fact. With the guide of President John Tyler, McClellan got an arrangement to West Point in 1842 in spite of being a year more youthful than the regular passage age of sixteen. In school, huge numbers of McClellans dear companions, including A.P. Slope and Cadmus Wilcox, were from the South and would later turn into his foes during the Civil War. His cohorts remembered future prominent officers for Jesse L. Reno, Darius N. Sofa, Thomas Stonewall Jackson, George Stoneman, and George Pickett. An aggressive understudy while at the foundation, he built up an incredible enthusiasm for the military speculations of Antoine-Henri Jomini and Dennis Hart Mahan. Graduating second in his group in 1846, he was doled out to the Corps of Engineers and requested to stay at West Point. Mexican-American War This obligation was brief as he was before long dispatched to the Rio Grande for administration in the Mexican-American War. Showing up off the Rio Grande past the point where it is possible to participate in Major General Zachary Taylors battle against Monterrey, he became sick for a month with looseness of the bowels and jungle fever. Recouping, he moved south to join General Winfield Scott for the development on Mexico City. Preforming observation missions for Scott, McClellan increased priceless experience and earned a brevet advancement to first lieutenant for his presentation at Contreras and Churubusco. This was trailed by a brevet to skipper for his activities at the Battle of Chapultepec. As the war was brought to an effective end, McClellan likewise took in the benefit of adjusting political and military undertakings just as keeping up relations with regular citizen populaces. Interwar Years McClellan came back to a preparation job at West Point after the war and supervised an organization of specialists. Subsiding into a progression of peacetime assignments, he composed a few reference booklets, helped in the development of Fort Delaware, and participated in an endeavor up the Red River drove by his future dad in-law Captain Randolph B. Marcy. A gifted designer, McClellan was later alloted to study courses for the cross-country railroad by Secretary of War Jefferson Davis. Turning into a most loved of Davis, he led a knowledge strategic Santo Domingo in 1854, preceding being elevated to commander the next year and presented on the first Cavalry Regiment. Because of his language abilities and political associations, this task was brief and soon thereafter he was dispatched as an eyewitness to the Crimean War. Returning in 1856, he composed of his encounters and created reference booklets dependent on European practices. Additionally during this time, he planned the McClellan Saddle for use by the US Army. Choosing to gain by his railroad information, he surrendered his bonus on January 16, 1857 and turned into the main designer and VP of the Illinois Central Railroad. In 1860, he likewise turned into the leader of the Ohio and Mississippi Railroad. Pressures Rise In spite of the fact that a talented railroad man, McClellans essential intrigue remained the military and he thought about restoring the US Army and turning into a soldier of fortune on the side of Benito Jurez. Wedding Mary Ellen Marcy on May 22, 1860 in New York City, McClellan was an eager supporter of Democrat Stephen Douglas in the 1860 presidential political race. With the appointment of Abraham Lincoln and the subsequent Secession Crisis, McClellan was enthusiastically looked for by a few states, including Pennsylvania, New York, and Ohio, to lead their volunteer army. An adversary of government impedance with servitude, he was likewise unobtrusively drawn closer by the South yet declined refering to his dismissal of the idea of severance. Building an Army Tolerating Ohios offer, McClellan was authorized a significant general of volunteers on April 23, 1861. Set up four days, he composed a point by point letter to Scott, presently broad in-head, illustrating two designs for winning the war. Both were excused by Scott as unfeasible which prompted pressures between the two men. McClellan reappeared government administration on May 3 and was named administrator of the Department of the Ohio. On May 14, he got a commission as a significant general in the customary armed force making him second in status to Scott. Moving to possess western Virginia to secure the Baltimore Ohio Railroad, he sought discussion by reporting that he would not meddle with subjection in the region. Pushing through Grafton, McClellan won a progression of little fights, including Philippi, yet started to show the mindful nature and reluctance to completely submit his order to fight that would hound him later in the war. The main Union victories to date, McClellan was requested to Washington by President Lincoln after Brigadier General Irvin McDowells rout at First Bull Run. Arriving at the city on July 26, he was made leader of the Military District of the Potomac and promptly started collecting a military out of the units in the region. A capable coordinator, he worked eagerly to make the Army of the Potomac and thought about the government assistance of his men. Furthermore, McClellan requested a broad arrangement of strongholds developed to shield the city from Confederate assault. Every now and again butting heads with Scott in regards to technique, McClellans supported taking on an excellent conflict instead of actualizing Scotts Anaconda Plan. Likewise, he emphasis on not meddling with servitude drew wrath from Congress and the White House. As the military developed, he turned out to be progressively persuaded that the Confederate powers restricting him in northern Virginia seriously dwarfed him. By mid-August, he accepted that foe quality numbered around 150,000 when in truth it only sometimes surpassed 60,000. Also, McClellan turned out to be exceptionally cryptic and wouldn't impart methodology or fundamental armed force data to Scott and Lincolns bureau. To the Peninsula In late October, the contention among Scott and McClellan reached a critical stage and the older general resigned. Accordingly, McClellan was made general-in-boss, notwithstanding a few second thoughts from Lincoln. Progressively increasingly mysterious with respect to his arrangements, McClellan straightforwardly hated the president, alluding to him as a polite monkey, and debilitated his situation through continuous defiance. Confronting developing resentment regarding his inaction, McClellan was called to the White House on January 12, 1862 to clarify his crusade plans. At the gathering, he illustrated an arrangement requiring the military to descend the Chesapeake to Urbanna on the Rappahannock River before walking to Richmond. After a few extra conflicts with Lincoln over methodology, McClellan had to overhaul his arrangements when Confederate powers pulled back to another line along the Rappahannock. His new arrangement called for arriving at Fortress Monroe and progressing up the Peninsula to Richmond. Following the Confederate pull back, he went under overwhelming analysis for permitting their break and was evacuated as general-in-boss on March 11, 1862. Setting out six days after the fact, the military started a sluggish development to the Peninsula. Disappointment on the Peninsula Propelling west, McClellan moved gradually and again was persuaded that he confronted a bigger adversary. Slowed down at Yorktown by Confederate earthworks, he stopped to raise attack weapons. These demonstrated pointless as the foe fell back. Slithering forward, he arrived at a point four miles from Richmond when he was assaulted by General Joseph Johnston at Seven Pines on May 31. Despite the fact that his line held, the high losses shook his certainty. Stopping for three weeks to anticipate fortifications, McClellan was again assaulted on June 25 by powers under General Robert E. Lee. Rapidly losing his nerve, McClellan started falling back during a progression of commitment known as the Seven Days Battles. This saw uncertain battling at Oak Grove on June 25 and a strategic Union triumph at Beaver Dam Creek the following day. On June 27, Lee continued his assaults and won a triumph at Gaines Mill. Ensuing battling saw Union powers driven back at Savages Station and Glendale before at long last creation at remain at Malvern Hill on July 1. Assembling his military at Harrisons Landing on the James River, McClellan stayed set up ensured by the firearms of the US Navy. The Maryland Campaign While McClellan stayed on the Peninsula calling for fortifications and reprimanding Lincoln for his disappointment, the president designated Major General Henry Halleck as general-in-boss and requested Major General John Pope to frame the Army of Virginia. Lincoln additionally offered order of the Army of the Potomac to Major General Ambrose Burnside, however he declined. Persuaded that the meek McClellan would not make another endeavor on Richmond, Lee moved north and squashed Pope at the Second Battle of Manassas on August 28-30. With Popes power broke, Lincoln, against the desires of numerous Cabinet individuals, returned McClellan to generally speaking order around Washington on September 2. Joining Popes men to the Army of the Potomac, McClellan moved west with his redesigned armed force in quest for Lee who had attacked Maryland. Arriving at Frederick, MD, McClellan was given a duplicate of Lees development orders which had been found by a Union fighter. In spite of a pretentious message to Lincoln, McClellan kept on moving gradually permitting Lee to possess the ignores South Mountain. Assaulting on September 14, McClellans gathered the Confederates up at the Battle of South Mountain. While Lee fell back to Sharpsburg, McClellan progressed to Antietam Creek east of the town. A proposed assault on the sixteenth was canceled permitting Lee to dive in. Starting the Battle of Antietam at an opportune time the seventeenth, McClellan set up his central station far to the back and couldn't

Finding Time

Finding Time So Ive been in classes here for, as of yesterday, one whole month. Time goes by pretty fast. Really, really fast. When I came here I was super worried about adjusting to classes and being able to keep up with the pace of the content that was being fed to me. Turns out, (for me,) that understanding the material isnt the hardest part of coming to MIT (at least, not yet). Thats not to say that the pace of learning isnt very, very quick (because it is), but Ive definitely found that its way more difficult to actually find the time to learn how to integrate sec^3(x) than actually learning it. Between lecture and recitation and psets and eating, (and sleeping?), it seems like Im doing at least something  all of the time. One thing thats vital to learn how to do is to manage your time effectively, which is something I have literally never done before. Keeping a calender definitely helps. If Google Calenders didnt send me a reminder every half hour before class, Im pretty sure I would be missing a lot of class. Its good to try to plan things out before hand. Im as scheduled as I possibly can be (which is not a lot), and Ive found that it really helps to accomplish tasks. While managing time is important, another thing Ive been realizing is that sleep (yes, sleep,) is a pretty big deal also. There have been many nights where Ive been up till 3 AM in the Hayden Library (an awesome place to study, by the way,) doing psets, when Ive just had to force myself to stop studying and go to sleep. Getting all your work done is for sure a priority, but everyone who goes to MIT is a person, and people need sleep, and well, maintaining ones sanity (and I hope youll agree,) is also a priority. So whats the point? I dont really know. Find time to do stuff other than work (that isnt just sleeping). Carve time out to do what youre passionate about, to hang out with friends, and explore Cambridge and Boston you know, normal people stuff. Ive slowly been able to make more time for music. For me at least, I feel as if my passions are what got be here anyways, so it just wouldnt make sense not to pursue them at MIT. So heres a (very abridged) list of things Ive been doing: Super Smash Bros. Last night I spent at least four hours straight playing SSB. Here at Senior House we actually play a mod called Project M which basically takes the characters from the Wii version and puts them into the context of SSBM and balances everything out. I usually play Link. Im pretty good. (Thanks to my friend Chantal for this photo~) FIlm Development and Printing. So Im in a class called Digital and Darkroom Imaging, where we basically take film photography and develop and print the photos ourselves in a darkroom. This is my first print a shot of the Stata Center. I definitely need to up the contrast a bit for the next prints though. Also this was a picture taken with an iPhone of an actual photo, so the quality isnt really there. Anyways, Id like to write more about the whole photographic process in more detail eventually. Programming IRC bots. Again, here at Senior House, some of us use a pretty cool messaging service called Slack to communicate with each other. It lets users write bots that basically do whatever you want them to, so me and a friend have been writing some (extraordinarily pointless) bots. One that Ive been working on is lovingly called pybot, a terrible bot written in Python that rarely does what you want it to. For example, when you type pybot !cumberbatch in any channel, pybot returns some permutation of Benedict Cumberbatchs name. Hopefully pybot can get its own blog post one day. Its list of features is extensive and monotonically increasing in uselessness. Ive been doing all that, and a lot of other stuff. Ill finish up with a list of things Id like to do. Do more origami. I love origami, and I design a lot of it, but I just havent gotten the chance to get involved with it at MIT yet. Im on the OrigaMIT mailing list, but havent attended any meetings yet. I need to go. Finish that song Im working on, and release that EP of IDM tracks. Seriously, its gonna be great. Clean my room. There is no excuse for this. So thats it for now. When youre here its important to remember to keep yourself sane do stuff you enjoy doing. (And maybe clean your room.)

Triviality in The Importance of Being Earnest - Literature Essay Samples

The interpretation that â€Å"we should treat all the trivial things of life seriously, and all the serious things of life with sincere and studied triviality† greatly applies to the Importance of Being Earnest. The Importance of Being Earnest is a subversive comedy of manners with the intention to give a satirical portrayal of social and moral conventions and create humour for the audience. The theme of triviality or, lack of seriousness in subjects considered of high value in Victorian Society is a predominant theme in the play. Therefore it may be argued that the statement previously expressed significantly applies to the play, especially in the themes of marriage, identity which are explored throughout the play. The topsy-turvy ideas of marriage in â€Å"The Importance of Being Earnest† clearly show that â€Å"serious† ideas are treated with complete and honest â€Å"triviality†, especially through the exploration of Gwendolen’s attitude towards appearances and marriage. Gwendolen and Cecily both doubt Algernon and Jack’s intentions of their identity change, but they both agree that â€Å"the wonderful beauty† of Jack’s and Algernon’s answer overrules their intentions and is self-explanatory enough as â€Å"in matters of grave importance, style not sincerity is the vital thing†. In much the same way it is the â€Å"style† of the play that matters; and this is clearly reflected throughout the book from Algernon’s flamboyant manner of speech and his excessive use of flourishing words. This line also easily sums up the play in a few words, as it explores how appearances are of importance in the play and thus portrays w hat the important values were in Victorian Society. Gwendolen speaks in reference to Wilde’s views on the aesthetic movement. In Wilde’s view, the superficial or the appearance of things, is what really matters beauty for the sake of beauty; hence, all that is meant to be beautiful, romantic and exquisite must be taken at face value. To most people in today’s society, these views would be juxtaposed, with the idea that we should â€Å"not judge a book by its cover†, and that there is a deeper meaning in most things. Thus the view that â€Å"serious† things in life should be treated with â€Å"triviality† is a prominent theme in the play through the exploration of the appearances involved in marriages and the lack of importance honesty was treated with. Another part of the play where the theme or marriage supports the statement that â€Å"we should treat all the trivial things of life seriously, and all the serious things of life with sincere and studied triviality†, is when Lane proposes his views on marriage and they are quickly dismissed as unimportant. This is a key theme in exploring the many contradictions of values within the play, Lane. Lane is seen by his employer; Algernon as a character who should set a good example; it could almost be argued that Lane is used as a scapegoat by Algernon, so he can justify himself, his views on the irrelevance of marriage and it could further reflect how the Victorian society, had their appearances so polished that they almost saw themselves as perfect and pinned any blame on their servants to keep their record spotless. Lane’s view on marriage is seen as rather lax on the idea of marriage as he claims that his marriage was only a â€Å"consequence of a misunderstanding† therefore we can see that his view on marriage is flippant and dismissive, and he acts as if it’s unnatural to have â€Å"only been married once†; this to a person of current society seems to be a social norm, this creates comedy through the use of elements of comedy of manners, as it seems almost absurd that the servants should be taken as role models in society. Lane’s remark clearly creates humour as the absurdity and the surrealism in the statement is said with such conviction (as seen in the 1964 tv episode version of the play direct by Bill Bain, Lane’s grave attitude added even more humour and weight to his comment) so that it challenges and stretches social boundaries of marriage where many people are led to believe that one marriage is the ideal marriage; no matter how happy it is, or how much/how little financial gain came from it. Therefore the view that â€Å"serious† things in life should be treated with â€Å"triviality† is prominent theme in the play, and it’s explored through the use of the class system and their contrast of status and their attitudes. Identity is another key theme in which can be seen that uniqueness and singularity of each person, is treated with no importance, to the point that honesty has become trivial in the play and the lives of Jack and Algernon become sub plots in comparison to their life of their Bunburys which are of higher interest and thus of higher importance. One can clearly see that Gwendolen and Cecily have no interest in a honest and faithful marriage instead they are both interested for their future husband to have the name â€Å"Ernest† the point it becomes ironic and in some way morbid that this is all they intend to focus on, and they will not accept to marry Jack or Algernon unless they have this name. The play on words is particularly interesting; it could be argued that the pun emphasises the layers of Victorian Society; the private sphere and the public sphere, and how one layer (Ernest) was built on deceit and lies which were expressed towards others, and in the private sphere it was possible to meet the â€Å"earnest† person underneath. On the other hand it can be seen that the name nicely links back to the title of the play, â€Å"The Importance of Being Earnest† and the pun is made more complex, and the reader realises that for both Algernon and Jack it is important to become â€Å"Ernest†, however if they were â€Å"Earnest† from the very beginning then they would never face the issues they did. This situation further shows how much surfaces and appearances mattered during the Victorian times; and the play portrays the image that not even marriages were of that high importance, rather; they were conducted at the spur of the moment. Hence the view that â€Å"serious† things in life should be treated with â€Å"triviality† is prominent theme in the play, and it is seen especially through lack of identity in the character and the acceptance of this, or even encouragement of this. On the other hand it may be argued that this play does not encourage the idea of treating â€Å"trivial things of life seriously, and all the serious things of life with sincere and studied triviality†, but instead it is a moral play with a deeper meaning when explored. This play epitomises the Victorian Society at the time and explores its surface nature through comedy of manners and farce and through the exploration of such characters as Lady Bracknell or Gwendolen. It can be argued that indeed these characters are a spokesman for Oscar Wilde, and through their witty repartees and speech they are actually commenting on the Victorian Society. For example when Gwendolen and Cecily argue about who is really the fiancà © of Ernest; it can be seen that they only get frustrated however, Gwendolen only really gets annoyed when she finds that â€Å"too much sugar† has been added to her tea. This further pronounces that â€Å"trivial† things in life were treated †Å"seriously† and shows the nature of the Victorian society and how subversive it was however it is seen that this play comments on the Victorian society, so although at first glance these â€Å"trivial† things are treated â€Å"seriously†, it can be argued that in fact, Wilde toys around with the idea of triviality, and seriousness making them into the opposite in order to create a statement therefore the expressed idea that â€Å"trivial things of life seriously, and all the serious things of life with sincere and studied triviality† may be argued to not apply to this play. Therefore the statement that â€Å"trivial things of life seriously, and all the serious things of life with sincere and studied triviality† greatly applies to this play as not only does it create humour and irony but it also creates reflects The Victorian Society and it’s unmoral nature and in fact it point out its flaws through the running commentary in the characters which just needs to be read the right way in order to create a ironical and satirical view of the Victorian society during Wilde’s time. However as it is also a satirical portrayal of the Victorian society it can also be considered to be an overall serious play with undertones of triviality which when studied are just pointing out triviality of the time. Hence the phrase that â€Å"trivial things of life seriously, and all the serious things of life with sincere and studied triviality† applies immensely to this play.

Sexual Harassment Case Between Cordoza Vs. Foodservice Inc.

The sexual harassment case between Cordoza vs. Foodservice Inc., Creative Marketing Solutions and Harrison is a very sticky case that needs to be decided. I have read all the material given about all the different cases in the past where it shows clearly it is very hard to convict someone of sexual harassment. You have to keep a lot of things in mind when you are deciding what you think the outcome if this case should be. To begin I will start trying to determine my thoughts on the outcome of the case by first stating what the courts definition of sexual harassment is. â€Å"Sexual harassment is a form of sex discrimination that violates Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964†. â€Å"Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 is a federal law†¦show more content†¦The company was involved in many non-profits organizations and provided many services for them for free. Both companies have great reputations in the community and the business world. Ms. Cordoza believes she was sexual harassed over the eight months she worked with Food Service Inc. and Mr. Harrison. She also believed her company was aware of the harassment that was going on but failed to do anything but instead â€Å"looked the other way† and did nothing to resolve the situation. Since they failed to do so and let it to continue Ms. Cordoza felt she should file for damages. Mr. Harrison felt that he and Ms. Cordoza had become close friends over time that they worked together on this marketing campaign and on other marketing campaigns. Mr. Harrison said he tried to help her make business connections in the community because she was new to town and didn’t know anyone and to try and help her network her business in the community. He also stated she was a very likable person and thought she would do well. Ms. Cordoza stated the harassment started after a networking event they attended with the Chamber of Commerce. The two went to dinner across the street from the event and Mr. Harrison insisted he pay for dinner. She said she offered several times to pay but did not want to cause any problems so she just let him pay the bill.

Reading And Math Team Leader - 881 Words

I interviewed my boss Ann Lounsbury, who is a Title Reading and Math Team leader. She currently works at Kennedy Elementary school, located on the East side of Lawrence, Kansas. Currently there are about four hundred students at the school, it is preschool through fifth grade. Ann has been in the field of education for twenty eight years. During her time in education she was an elementary teacher, elementary school councilor, and currently a Title I Team Leader. She has been at Kennedy for the last seven years in her position. Ann’s responsibilities are being the team leader of the ten title staff, building assessment coordinator, building SIT team facilitator, and instruction coach. Ann is always busy at work, but seems to always find time to sit down with anyone if you need something. Though Ann’s title does not seem like it is in administration, she is the untitled vice principle at our school. Our school that we work in a Title I school. Seventy-eight perc ent of the students are on free and reduced lunch, though it is a low income school. During the interview Ann spoke a lot about how lucky she is to not be included in any legal issues while at Kennedy. During her time as a councilor she was not so lucky, during her time with a student years ago the student confide in her that she was being sexually abused. Because of mandatory reporting of abuse and neglect she had to call it in. She said that it was the hardest thing she has ever had to do. MostlyShow MoreRelatedEssay On School-Wide Data Analysis1068 Words   |  5 PagesMAP results for students who took Math, Reading, Science tests in grades k-9 in order to identify percentage of Students who met or exceeded their projected RIT (Rasch Unit) in 2016-2017 school year. I also analyzed the results by classroom, subject, and teacher. I used the MAP winter 2016 results, I prepared a projected proficiency summary report for the Smarter Balanced Assessment Consortia (SBAC) and ACT t ests in spring 2017. Currently, I am helping the admin team to develop a plan for low performingRead MoreThe Curriculum : Learning Needs Of A Particular Student Or Small Group Of Students Essay1451 Words   |  6 Pagesdemanding or challenging. As many teachers that I’ve interviewed put it, â€Å"Do we have to differentiate in math, too?† We can do this in reading, but it’s impossible in math! In reading, there are so many books to choose from that focus on different interests and that are written for a variety of reading levels. Often times, it has to do with math facts and fluency. 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There is some strange feeling of satisfaction that comes along with being the boss. During On Course by Skip Downing and The 7 Habits of Highly Effective People by Stephen Covey they continue to stress using effective communication and learning so you can become a leader in your home, workplace, and community. They have many ideas on how to help you with concept, but there are four specific ideas that I believe effect this

The Baseline Leadership Survey For The First Cohort Essay

Results Leadership Survey When analyzing the baseline leadership survey for the first cohort, we specifically looked at baseline frequency distributions of the â€Å"I feel like a Leader scenarios, most Littles reported feeling more like a leader at home and with friends. On a scale of one to five, one being Not at all like me and five being A lot like me, many girls indicated that they were less likely to feel like a leader at school. As seen in table 8 below, 14 percent of Littles reported that they did not feel like a leader at school, compared to that of 11.6 percent who did. Conversely, 7 percent of Littles reported that they did not feel like a leader with friends, compared to the 16.3 percent that did. Lastly, when assessing Littles who felt like a leader at home, 11.6 percent reported that they felt less like a leader, compared to the 23.3 percent who did. When analyzing the end of program leadership survey for the first cohort, most Littles reported feeling more like a leader at home and with friends. As seen in table 9, 16.3 percent of Littles reported that they did not feel like a leader at school, compared to that of 7 percent who did. On the other hand, 14 percent of Littles reported that they did not feel like a leader with friends, compared to the 16.3 percent that did. Lastly, when assessing Littles who felt like a leader at home, 16.3 percent reported that they felt less like a leader, compared to the 16.3 percent who did. A paired-samples t-test was runShow MoreRelatedThe New Graduate Nurse Cohort1397 Words   |  6 Pagesimperative that the new graduate nurse cohort be given a full immersion into the organizational culture, a quality orientation program, and to feel welcomed into their departments to foster embeddedness early in the program (Reitz, 2014). 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African Americans The Treatment Of Minority Athletes

A synopsis of racism in American Sports The treatment of minority athletes, particularly African Americans has been a grave issue in American sports for decades. More than fifty years ago, to be a colored person playing a so- called â€Å"white sport,† meant that it was an unfortunate fact that inequality, prejudices and racial discrimination came along with that territory, and it is also an unfortunate fact that some of those racial tensions are yet in full, modernized effect today. African- American starting five, or starting lineman, being told what to do, when, and how to do it by their Caucasian coaches, and general managers, are in sync with past century notions of African- American slaves being under total dominion and authority of†¦show more content†¦Although, Glory Road may seem to be solely about the challenges that African Americans faced in the white bastion of mid-century college sport, it also contributes greatly to the larger genre of white-centered sports films. The team s triumph and victo ry marks a new era in collegiate basketball, and insinuates the beginning of what colored people thought would be the end of racial discrimination in the United States. Joshua Pitts, and Daniel Yost go on, by way of field study research, to elaborate on racial position segregation, or racial â€Å"stacking† in intercollegiate football. By estimating a probit model, an approximation was made on the impact that an athlete s race could have on the probability of him or her changing positions when transitioning from high school to the collegiate ranks. Racial position segregation refers to the phenomenon of white and African American players being relegated to certain types of positions on a team. Pitts and Yost state that â€Å"the broad wage gap between African- American athletes, and white athletes is primarily considered a ‘within-plant’ phenomenon, meaning that white athletes tend to occupy the higher paid positions on a team or firm† (Pitts, Yost, 208) . 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Act 3 the Crucible Free Essays

Act III- Irony During Act III of The Crucible, by Arthur Miller; the central way that Miller depicts the corruption rooted within Salem is through the usage of the literary device, irony. The usage of personal pronouns within this work of literature seems to indicate a sense of power that the citizens have, versus the power found within the unknown. Parris says the following in order to encourage Mary Warren to cast out the devil, â€Å" Cast the devil out! Look him in the face! Trample him! We’ll save you, Mary, only stand fast against him and† (109). We will write a custom essay sample on Act 3 the Crucible or any similar topic only for you Order Now The usage of the pronoun ‘We’ll’ gives the reader a sense of authority that is held by the high officials in Salem. Irony is plainly evoked because the entire idea of the trails is to test the limits of the spiritual world within the town of Salem. The usage of personal pronouns reflects the flaws that seem to fuel these trials. The controversial topic of god rooted within these trials is ironic in the sense that doing the right thing could potentially be life threatening. Mary Warren proclaims that she loves god, after announcing her devilish pact, and says, â€Å" No, I love God; I go your way no more. I love God, I bless God. Abby, Abby, I’ll never hurt you more† (110). Salem becomes so deeply rooted in lies that the idea of god becomes clouded for those who try to seek the right thing. The choice between life and death, right and wrong, becomes diluted, making the right decisions punishable. No matter what is confessed, someone will either have to live with making the wrong decision, or die because a right decision was made. The figurative device of irony becomes reoccurring during act three in order to further show the reader the corrupt practices that are happening in Salem. How to cite Act 3 the Crucible, Papers

Music Publishing Need in National Copyright Laws

Question: Write an essay on music publishing? Answer: Introduction: Music publishing is termed as a contractual relationship between the music publisher and the songwriter, under such contract music composer assigns all copyrights of the music to the publisher for commercial exploitation of the music (Kidson, 1907). Randal Wixen described Music Publishing is the owing and exploiting of songs in the form of musical copyrights. Development, valuation and protection of the music are the things which are concerned in the business of music publishing. As per contract publisher ensures that with the exploitation of the songs, composer receives the credit and the royals. In other words, songwriter gives the copywrith of the song to the publisher to exploit the song and thus, income generated to be shared by both the parties (Asscher, 1992). In olden times when musical recordings were not introduced, publishers and songwriter generated the income through sale of sheet music. Nowdays songs can be exploited via media which includes recordings, television, film, radio and video. Its the US copyright law which governs music publishing but due to some private contractual agreements some of the music publishing laws is negotiated (Fletcher and Lobato, 2013). The music publishers act as strong intermediaters between the music composers and the record companies. Half of the royalties along with the copyright of the song is enjoyed by the publisher from the music composer (Frith, 1988). A large cash advance by the publisher is made to the promising writer but sometimes this advance can also be minimal and records the songwriter composition with the performance. Its also the duty of publisher to collect royalities and to give songwriter share. Its the publisher who arrange for songs to be placed in television shows, advertisement and films and also assist the writer in obtaining recording contract if the songwriter is also a performer (Garofalo, 1999). The other thing which publisher is to do is collecting royalities and giving the share to songwriter. There are many sources from where the income of publishing comes, but the income generated from retail sale of the recordings is different (Hauser, 1958). The royalities are furthure differentiated into different tpes: Mechanical Royalities are obtained from the sale of recorded music with the right to record, copy and distribute copies of composition and these mechanical royalities are paid separately to the publishers by the recording companies. Each pubisher is required to grant a compulsory license to any one who wish to record a composition that has been in he past released commercially or has already been recorded and in return to this a minimum price is paud to the publisher which is at most of the time judged by the CONGRESS in the US. Normally a private license is taken to record a label on a negociated amount rahtr that to go through the rules and regulations which are basically very rigid and tough under a compulsory license act. In other words every tme your song is manufactured to be sold in the market in the form of a cassette or a cd etc, downloaded on a computer from a site, or on a digital music retail site, or aired through AIR or any other services like spotify , you owe a mechan ical royality.Thus huge /vast money can be collected and earned by way of the mechanical royalties (Popular Music: Education Issue, 1995). If someone buys one of your song and makes 1000 cd of it, you shall definitely be getting royality and that too handsome one, no matter those cds are further ever purchased by any of the buyesr or not.and in similar way if MP3s are made same way you shall be getting your share of job done, rest it may or may not get sold in the market. Performance Royalties: Apart from this tere are some performance royalties, to explain it, these are paid if in case a song is played on AIR (Radio), TV, or is used as back ground music, or in bars, clubs, dance parties etc. These performance royalties are so effective that through this sometimes the money earned may go in millions and trillions of dollars collections, But this is tough for the publisher to sign a performance licenses with all the above described parties, thus to curb up this problem PRO (Performing rights organisations) comes into existence which collects fees on behalf of these publishers or song writers, Some examples or such PRO which exists in the USA are the society of European state authors and composers (SESAC), Broad cast music inc. (BMI), The American society of society and composers, Authors and Publishers (ASCAP). A single publisher/Songwriter has got restricted to get himself registered under a single PRO only as if this is not done and a publisher/Songw riter is registered under several number of PRO there shall be a huge confusion as to which PRO is responsible to collect royalty on his behalf(Eagle, 2004). Recording artists who feels like being cheated by the publishers on account of their royality can very easily drag such publishers into the court, in future as well so many high profile artists has sued publishers on the above cheating basis, the best example has been the case of all time Dance super star Michael Jacksonwho had launched a suit under law against the Universal Music Group in the year 1980sclaiming for the unpaid royality that the company in concern has not paid to him, Sometimes even musicians also sue each other for infringement of copy rights (Eagle, 2004). There has been some important and famous cases in this regard ie Three boys music corporation Vs Bolton ,212 F .3d 477 (9th Cir. 2000). In starting years of 2000, The invention of music sharing through Internet has completed changed the face of recording industry ithrough out the world.With this any person can not download any song and save them at their desktops, things has become so easy now, thus this also gave birth to series of lawsuits in the music industry as well. Music piracy became a very important issue to deal with although prompt care was taken by the creators of file sharing software. In a noted case of the recording industry association of American (RIAA) some 261 cases were registered and filed against individuals who have downloaded these songs from the internet (SCHNOEBELEN, 1997). The situation had now become very awkward and disturbing, and the new technology has made the situation very alarming and significant that the matter now has to be tackled very carefully and continuously (Lazlo, 1979). Its publishing the primary source of income where the singers writing their own composition makes a lot of money but the funds gets transferred to the person who possesses the copyrights. We should now know this thing that it is not always that the person who sings a song is the owner of it, it my be prepared by one and then later sold in liew of funds to another person, and the buying person gets it registered and make its copyrights on his name and thue becomes the real owner of the same, now the real story of earning money starts as no one other than the copyrights holder of the song has got the permission to run that song until or unless it is permitted by the copyrights holder to do so, The money that you earn by that song is publishing, now the more famous your song will be the more money you shall earn from it, as ther shall be more and more people who wish to sing it or see its video (Sigman, 1988). Basically there ar many types of areas with which you earn money ie performan ce, Mechanical, print of that song and its synchronization. Performance and mechanical ways are the ways that earn you better/more money as compared to rest of the ways. Printing mode is the mode that allows an owner to earn money each and every time his concerned song has been printed or its lyrics are published, though it is not a manner to earn high money, but still even lesser money comes in, but money is money (Spencer, 1992). Synchronization license are a different type of as it is concerned with visual effects. Commercial, videos and sound tracks are some of the most important and bset examples of this concerned. Normally the money that come in by this way is huge and it can un doubtly be called as the best source of money generation licenses. The length of the commercial shall definitely change the money generation from it, also the popularity of that particular commercial, song or video shall effect the money incoming prospect, definitely there is no limit to the figures th at can be definitely earned from this. Most of the publishing companies all over the world likes that you carry forward all the problems that you face upon that concerned company and pay them half of the earings that you shall receive each and every time that concerned commercial, song etc is played, as an artist you may try to refrain from this but in case you do not apply for their assistance you may fall into serious complications as now you may have to track the running of that song in your country or probably through out the world, which in itself is a very hard task to follow up with (COOPER, 1938). Thus it is always recommended that we should always sign with a company which has got very huge relationships and branch image in the market. There may also be a possibility that the company may be very big brand holder but it must also be very just, as they may through their influence ever steel that thing from you, and you being a mere thing in front of them losses you actual hard work and creation, thus the publishing company should always be of clear character and sound background. Now some times you still feel the danger of getting exploited, then the only learned step to take at this time is to go for creation /start of a new company of your own. It is always good to hire a company who is trustworthy and who handles your songs with full faith and commitment, so that you do not end up in a mess (Stroh and Verhaalen, 1970). There are so many publishing contract which are associated with the music publishing agreement and this i of prompt importance that one should have through knowledge of these as well, Some of these are as follow ----- 1 ) Single Song Agreement. As the name suggest this deal is an agreement between the writer of the song and its publisher in which the former person gransts rights to the latter one to set for publication of 1 or at the most 2 songs and in such type of agreement the a one time recoupable payment is made. 2) Exclusive Song Writer Contract Such agreement in which the entire songs written and published with in a stipulated period of ime come into existence, thus any type of composition which is made by a writer in an affixed tenure of time belongs directly to the music publisher. 3 ) Co Publishing Agreement. The most common publishing agreement is the Co publishing agreement , which is also called as Co-Pub, under this both the writer and the publisher are the co owners of the song or each song thus made. This is made upon a pre decided share of the royality which is the outcome from that song, or commercial or video (Kidson, 1907). The share usually in this aspect is 50:50, but this may vary depending upon the experience or market value of any one of the parties, suppose if in case the writr is a new one and on the other habnd if the publisher is of quite renowned personality, the share may even go to 25:75 or vice versa, or it may even come down to 15:85 as well (Underwood, 1996). 4) Administration Agreement This type of agreement takes place between a writer/publisher and other music publisher, in this type of contract the writer himself publishes the concerned song and merely licenses the song to the music publisher for a certain tenure/term (Hoffman, 1948). Although this should always be kept in mind that the ownership of the cyrights are not transferable to the admistrator, but the publisher gets around 10-20% of the income generated from this (Royality). 5 ) Collection Agreement. This type of agreement is almost similar to that of the Admin deal whre the copyrights are retained by the writer except this that the exploitation functions such as business manager or accountant are not performed by the publisher. 6) Sub Publishing Agreement. Basically the deals which are done in Forgein countries or at forgein territories where there is no transfer of copyrights ownership is performed to the sub publisher, but this is also limited to 1 or more that 1 countries which falls under forgein origin.ofter this kind of agreement is mostly restricted to the Australia, European, Switzerland or Latin American countries. 7 ) Purchase Agreement. Under this type of agreement a music publisher acquires some rights or evn whole rights of another music publisher, which may also be considered as some what like merger of companies.Concept of Due diligence is run in this type of cases so that no disputes may arise in future (Author agreement and copyright, 2003). Collection societies are organisations handling the function of right management, these rights owners perfoms the following duties All non exclusive licenses are sold by them. Royalties are collected by them. All the royalties thus collected are distributed as agreed at the beginnening by them. They also ger indulged into entering into contracts with other collecting societies. Look that their rights and enforced. Conclusion Now as we have gone through all the concepts pros and cons and royality distribution, and there after the impact of introduction of internet and changes that came as dramatic by nature and disputes which arose at that times, and other all concepts which concerns this music publishing concept, we conclude that this concept is very vast and fast grown, this involves so many complications and arrangements to tackle these complications, and its future hazards. The information which has been discussed above have provided us with the clear picture that how this music industry is atructured and what all changes has come during this journey since its inception. The above has streamlined both ways of the argument. The concept of music piracy has been come in existence much due to this music industry; it has also given brth to downloading of any of the music or commercial and is particularly called as peer to peer networks. Thus this is completed true if we say that the money which a writer ea rn on behalf of his song being published or bought into live performances are such huge and unexpected that this may surprise even almost all the human generation (Jackson and Sant, 1985). The best part is to make a company of your own so as to safe guard the risk which may emerge on account of getting trapped into the hands of some bigger and popular music publishing companies (Kidson, 1907) References Asscher, M. (1992). What publishers need in national copyright laws.Publishing Research Quarterly, 8(2), pp.21-26. Author agreement and copyright. (2003).Journal of Midwifery Women's Health, 48(4), pp.A23-A23. COOPER, M. (1938). LISZT AS A SONG WRITER.Music and Letters, XIX(2), pp.171-181. Eagle, B. (2004). Predicting Black Musical Innovation and Integration: The 1850 Mance Index for Appalachia.Black Music Research Journal, 24(1), p.73. Fletcher, L. and Lobato, R. (2013). Living and Labouring as a Music Writer.CSR, 19(1), p.155. Frith, S. (1988). Copyright and the music business.Popular Music, 7(01), p.57. Garofalo, R. (1999). From Music Publishing to MP3: Music and Industry in the Twentieth Century.American Music, 17(3), p.318. Hauser, A. (1958). American Music Publishing in 1958.Notes, 15(3), p.377. Hoffman, M. (1948). Go Ahead and Sign That Contract!.Music Educators Journal, 34(6), p.9. Jackson, R. and Sanjek, R. (1985). From Print to Plastic: Publishing and Promoting America's Popular Music (1900-1980).American Music, 3(4), p.494. Kidson, F. (1907). Old-Time Music Publishing.The Musical Times, 48(771), p.303. Lazlo, D. (1979). New Music Distribution Service.Computer Music Journal, 3(2), p.5. Lund, J. (n.d.). Fixing Music Copyright.SSRN Journal. Music. (1981).Early Music, 9(2), pp.267-267. Popular Music: Education Issue. (1995).Popular Music, 14(01), p.127. SCHNOEBELEN, A. (1997). The Relities of the music publishing word.Early Music, XXV(2), pp.349-349. Sigman, M. (1988). A Serious Look at Serious Music Publishing.Music Educators Journal, 74(7), p.38. Spencer, G. (1992). Music Publishing and Music Representation in the Technological Age: A Symposium.Computer Music Journal, 16(3), p.96. Stroh, D. and Verhaalen, S. (1970). Publishing: Who Gains?.Music Educators Journal, 56(8), p.18. Underwood, K. (1996). Archival Guidelines for the Music Publishing Industry.Notes, 52(4), p.1112.

Ovarian Cancer Essay Summary Example For Students

Ovarian Cancer Essay Summary Of all gynecologic malignancies, ovarian cancer continues to have thehighest mortality and is the most difficult to diagnose. In the United Statesfemale population, ovarian cancer ranks fifth in absolute mortality among cancer related deaths (13,000/yr). In most reported cases, ovarian cancer, when first diagnosed is in stages III or IV in about 60 to 70% of patients which further complicates treatment of the disease (Barber, 3).Early detection in ovarian cancer is hampered by the lack of appropriate tumor markers and clinically, most patients fail to develop significantsymptoms until they reach advanced stage disease. The characteristics of ovarian cancer have been studied in primary tumors and in established ovarian tumor cell lines which provide a reproducible source of tumor material. Among the major clinical problems of ovarian cancer, malignant progression,rapid emergence of drug resistance, and associated cross-resistance remain unresolved. Ovarian cancer has a high frequency of metastasis yet generally remains localized within the peritoneal cavity. Tumor development has beenassociated with aberrant, dysfunctional expression and/or mutation ofvarious genes. This can include oncogene overexpression, amplification or mutation, aberrant tumor suppressor expression or mutation. Also, subversion of host antitumor immune responses may play a role in the pathogenesis of cancer (Sharp, 77). Ovarian clear cell adenocarcinoma was first described by Peham in 1899 ashypernephroma of the ovary because of its resemblance to renal cell carcinoma. By 1939, Schiller noted a histologic similarity to mesonephric tubules andclassified these tumors as mesonephromas.In 1944, Saphir and Lackner described two cases of hypernephroid carcinoma of the ovary and proposed clear celladenocarcinoma as an alternative term. Clear cell tumors of the ovary are now generally considered to be of mullerian and in the genital tract of mullerian origin. A number of examples of clear cell aden ocarcinoma have been reported to arise from the epithelium of an endometriotic cyst (Yoonessi, 289). Occasionally, a renal cell carcinoma metastasizes to the ovary and may be confused with a primary clear cell adenocarcinoma.Ovarian clear cell adenocarcinoma (OCCA) has been recognized as a distincthistologic entity in the World Health Organization (WHO) classification of ovariantumors since 1973 and is the most lethal ovarian neoplasm with an overall five yearsurvival of only 34% (Kennedy, 342). Clear cell adenocarcinoma, like most ovariancancers, originates from the ovarian epithelium which is a single layer of cells found onthe surface of the ovary.Patients with ovarian clear cell adenocarcinoma are typicallyabove the age of 30 with a median of 54 which is similar to that of ovarian epithelialcancer in general. OCCA represents approximately 6% of ovarian cancers and bilateralovarian involvement occurs in less that 50% of patients even in advanced cases. The association of OCCA and endometriosis is well documented (De La Cuesta,243). This was confirmed by Kennedy et al who encountered histologic or intraoperative evidence of endometriosis in 45% of their study patients. Transformationfrom endometriosis to clear cell adenocarcinoma has been previously demonstrated insporadic cases but was not observed by Kennedy et al. Hypercalcemia occurs in asignificant percentage of patients with OCCA. Patients with advanced disease are moretypically affected than patients with nonmetastatic disease. Patients with OCCA are alsomore likely to have Stage I disease than are patients with ovarian epithelial cancer ingeneral (Kennedy, 348). Histologic grade has been useful as an initial prognostic determinant in some studiesof epithelial cancers of the ovary. The grading of ovarian clear cell adenocarcinoma hasbeen problematic and is complicated by the multiplicity of histologic patterns found inthe same tumor. Similar problems have been found in attempted grading of clear celladenocarcinoma of the endometrium (Disaia, 176). Despite these problems, tumorgrading has been attempted but has failed to demonstrate prognostic significance. However, collected data suggest that low mitotic activity and a predominance of clearcells may be favorable histologic features (Piver, 136). Risk factors for OCCA and ovarian cancer in general are much less clear than forother genital tumors with general agreement on two risk factors: nulliparity and familyhistory. There is a higher frequency of carcinoma in unmarried women and in marriedwomen with low parity. Gonadal dysgenesis in children is associated with a higher riskof developing ovarian cancer while oral contraceptives are associated with a decreasedrisk. Genetic and candidate host genes may be altered in susceptible families. Amongthose currently under investigation is BRCA1 which has been associated with anincreased susceptibility to breast cancer. Approximately 30% of ovarian adenocarcinomas express high levels of HER-2/neu oncogene which correlates with a poor prognosis (Altcheck, 375-376). Mutations in host tumor suppresser gene p53 are found in 50% of ovarian carcinomas. There also appears to be a racial predilection, as the vast majority of cases are seen in Caucasians (Yoonessi, 295). Considerable variation exists in the gross appearance of ovarian clear celladenocarcinomas and they are generally indistinguishable from other epithelial ovariancarcinomas. They could be cystic, solid, soft, or rubbery, and may also containhemorrhagic and mucinous areas (ODonnell, 250). Microscopically, clear cellcarcinomas are characterized by the presence of variable proportions of clear and hobnailcells. The former contain abundant clear cytoplasm with often centrally located nuclei,while the latter show clear or pink cytoplasm and bizarre basal nuclei with atypicalcytoplasmic intraluminal projections. The cellular arrangement may be tubulo acinar,papillary, or solid, with the great majority displaying a mixture of these patterns. Thehobnail and clear cells predominate with tubular and solid forms, respectively (Barber,214). Clear cell adenocarcinoma tissue fixed with alcohol shows a high cytoplasmicglycogen content which can be shown by means of special staining techniques. Abundant extracellular and rare intracellular neutral mucin mixed with sulfate andcarboxyl group is usually present. The clear cells are recognized histochemically andultrastructurally (short and blunt microvilli, intercellular tight junctions and desmosomes,free ribosomes, and lamellar endoplasmic reticulum). The ultrastructure of hobnail andclear cells resemble those of the similar cells seen in clear cell carcinomas of theremainder of the female genital tract (OBrien, 254). A variation in patterns of histologyis seen among these tumors and frequently within the same one. Whether both tubular components with hobnail cells and the solid part with clear cellsare required to establish a diagnosis or the presence of just one of the patterns issufficient has not been clearly established. Fortunately, most tumors exhibit a mixture ofthese components. Benign and borderline counterparts of clear cell ovarianadenocarcinomas are theoretical possibilities. Yoonessi et al reported that nodalmetastases could be found even when the disease appears to be grossly limited to thepelvis (Yoonessi, 296). Examination of retroperitoneal nodes is essential to allow formore factual staging and carefully planned adjuvant therapy. Surgery remains the backbone of treatment and generally consists of removal of theuterus, tubes and ovaries, possible partial omentectomy, and nodal biopsies. Theeffectiveness and value of adjuvant radiotherapy and chemotherapy has not been clearlydemonstrated. Therefore, in patients with unilateral encapsulated lesions andhistologically proven uninvolvement of the contralateral ovary, omentum, and biopsiednodes, a case can be made for (a)no adjuvant therapy after complete surgical removaland (b) removal of only the diseased ovary in an occasional patient who may be youngand desirous of preserving her reproductive capacity (Altchek, 97). In the more adv-anced stages, removal of the uterus, ovaries, omentum, and as much tumor as possiblefollowed by pelvic radiotherapy (if residual disease is limited to the pelvis) orchemotherapy must be considered. The chemotherapeutic regimens generally involveadriamycin, alkylating agents, and cisPlatinum containing combinations (Barber, 442). OCCA is of epithelial origin and often contains mixtures of other epithelial tumorssuch as serous, mucinous, and endometrioid. Clear cell adenocarcinoma is characterizedby large epithelial cells with abundant cytoplasm. Because these tumors sometimesoccur in association with endometriosis or endometrioid carcinoma of the ovary andresemble clear cell carcinoma of the endometrium, they are now thought to be ofmullerian duct origin and variants of endometrioid adenocarcinoma. Clear cell tumors ofthe ovary can be predominantly solid or cystic. In the solid neoplasm, the clear cells arearranged in sheets or tubules. In the cystic form, the neoplastic cells line the spaces. Five-year survival is approximately 50% when these tumors are confined to the ovaries,but these tumors tend to be aggressive and spread beyond the ovary which tends to make5-year survival highly unlikely (Altchek, 416). Some debate continues as to whether clear cell or mesonephroid carcinoma is aseparate clinicopathological entity with its own distinctive biologic behavior and naturalhistory or a histologic variant of endometrioid carcinoma. In an effort to characterizeclear cell adenocarcinoma, Jenison et al compared these tumors to the most common ofthe epithelial malignancies, the serous adenocarcinoma (SA). Histologically determinedendometriosis was strikingly more common among patients with OCCA than with SA. Other observations by Jenison et al suggest that the biologic behavior of clear celladenocarcinoma differs from that of SA. They found Stage I tumors in 50% of theobserved patient population as well as a lower incidence of bilaterality in OCCA(Jenison, 67-69). Additionally, it appears that OCCA is characteristically larger thanSA, possibly explaining the greater frequency of symptoms and signs at presentation. Risk FactorsThere is controversy regarding talc use causing ovarian cancer. Unt il recently, mosttalc powders were contaminated with asbestos. Conceptually, talcum powder on theperineum could reach the ovaries by absorption through the cervix or vagina. Sincetalcum powders are no longer contaminated with asbestos, the risk is probably no longerimportant (Barber, 200). The high fat content of whole milk, butter, and meat productshas been implicated with an increased risk for ovarian cancer in general. The Centers for Disease Control compared 546 women with ovarian cancer to 4,228controls and reported that for women 20 to 54 years of age, the use of oralcontraceptives reduced the risk of ovarian cancer by 40% and the risk of ovarian cancerdecreased as the duration of oral contraceptive use increased. Even the use of oralcontraceptives for three months decreased the risk. The protective effect of oralcontraceptives is to reduce the relative risk to 0.6 or to decrease the incidence of diseaseby 40%. There is a decreased risk as high as 40% for women who have had fo ur ormore children as compared to nulliparous women. There is an increase in the incidenceof ovarian cancer among nulliparous women and a decrease with increasing parity. Theincessant ovulation theory proposes that continuous ovulation causes repeated traumato the ovary leading to the development of ovarian cancer. Incidentally, having two ormore abortions compared to never having had an abortion decreases ones risk ofdeveloping ovarian cancer by 30% (Coppleson, 25-28). Consequences Of The Black Death EssayCurrently there are several serum markers that are available to help make a diagnosis. These include CA 125, CEA, DNB/70K, LASA-P, and serum inhibin. Recently theurinary gonadotropin peptide (UCP) and the collagen-stimulating factor have beenadded. Although the tumor markers have a low specificity and sensitivity, they are oftenused in screening for ovarian cancer. A new tumor marker CA125-2 has greaterspecificity than CA125. In general, tumor markers have a very limited role in screeningfor ovarian cancer. The common epithelial cancer of the ovary is unique in killing the patient while being,in the vast majority of the cases, enclosed in the anatomical area where it initiallydeveloped: the peritoneal cavity. Even with early localized cancer, lymph nodemetastases are not rare in the pelvic or aortic areas. In most of the cases, death is due tointraperitoneal proliferation, ascites, protein loss and cachexia. The concept ofdebulking or cytoreduct ive surgery is currently the dominant concept in treatment. The first goal in debulking surgery is inhibition of debulking surgery is inhibition ofthe vicious cycle of malnutrition, nausea, vomiting, and dyspepsia commonly found inpatients with mid to advanced stage disease. Cytoreductive surgery enhances theefficiency of chemotherapy as the survival curve of the patients whose largest residualmass size was, after surgery, below the 1.5 cm limit is the same as the curve of thepatients whose largest metastatic lesions were below the 1.5 cm limit at the outset(Altchek, 422-424). The aggressiveness of the debulking surgery is a key question surgeons must facewhen treating ovarian cancers. The debulking of very large metastatic masses makes nosense from the oncologic perspective. As for extrapelvic masses the debulking, even ifmore acceptable, remains full of danger and exposes the patient to a heavy handicap. For these reasons the extra-genital resections have to be limited to lymphadenectomy,omentectomy, pelvic abdominal peritoneal resections and rectosigmoid junctionresection. That means that stages IIB and IIC and stages IIIA and IIB are the only trueindications for extrapelvic cytoreductive surgery. Colectomy, ileectomy, splenectomy,segmental hepatectomy are only exceptionally indicated if they allow one to perform areal optimal resection. The standard cytoreductive surgery is the total hysterectomy withbilateral salpingoophorectomy. This surgery may be done with aortic and pelvic lymphnode sampling, omentectomy, and, if necessary, resection of the rectos igmoidal junction(Barber. 182-183). The concept of administering drugs directly into the peritoneal cavity as therapy ofovarian cancer was attempted more than three decades ago. However, it has only beenwithin the last ten years that a firm basis for this method of drug delivery has becomeestablished. The essential goal is to expose the tumor to higher concentrations of drugfor longer periods of time than is possible with systemic drug delivery. Several agentshave been examined for their efficacy, safety and pharmacokinetic advantage whenadministered via the peritoneal route. Cisplatin has undergone the most extensive evaluation for regional delivery. Cisplatinreaches the systemic compartment in significant concentrations when it is administeredintraperitoneally. The dose limiting toxicity of intraperitoneally administered cisplatin isnephrotoxicity, neurotoxicity and emesis. The depth of penetration of cisplatin into theperitoneal lining and tumor following regional delivery is only 1 to 2 mm from thesurface which lim its its efficacy. Thus, the only patients with ovarian cancer who wouldlikely benefit would be those with very small residual tumor volumes. Overall,approximately 30 to 40% of patients with small volume residual ovarian cancer havebeen shown to demonstrate an objective clinical response to cisplatin-based locallyadministered therapy with 20 to 30% of patients achieving a surgically documentedcomplete response. As a general rule, patients whose tumors have demonstrated aninherent resistance to cisplatin following systemic therapy are not considered fortreatment with platinum-based intraperitoneal therapy (Altchek, 444-446). In patients with small volume residual disease at the time of second look laparotomy,who have demonstrated inherent resistance to platinum-based regimens, alternativeintraperitoneal treatment programs can be considered. Other agents includemitoxantrone, and recombinant alpha-interpheron. Intraperitoneal mitoxanthone hasbeen shown to have definite activity in small volume residual platinum-refractory ovariancancer. Unfortunately, the dose limiting toxicity of the agent is abdominal pain andadhesion formation, possibly leading to bowel obstruction. Recent data suggests thelocal toxicity of mitoxanthone can be decreased considerably by delivering the agent inmicrodoses. Ovarian tumors may have either intrinsic or acquired drug resistance. Manymechanisms of drug resistance have been described. Expression of the MDR1 gene thatencodes the drug efflux protein known as p-glycoprotein, has been shown to confer thecharacteristic multi-drug resistance to clones of some cancers. The most widelyc onsidered definition of platinum response is response to first-line platinum treatmentand disease free interval. Primary platinum resistance may be defined as any progressionon treatment. Secondary platinum resistance is the absence of progression on primaryplatinum-based therapy but progression at the time of platinum retreatment for relapse(Sharp, 205-207). Second-line chemotherapy for recurrent ovarian cancer is dependent on preferences ofboth the patient and physician. Retreatment with platinum therapy appears to offersignificant opportunity for clinical response and palliation but relatively little hope forlong-term cure. Paclitaxel (trade name: Taxol), a prototype of the taxanes, is cytotoxicto ovarian cancer. Approximately 20% of platinum failures respond to standard doses ofpaclitaxel. Studies are in progress of dose intensification and intraperitonealadministration (Barber, 227-228). This class of drugs is now thought to represent anactive addition to the platinum analogs, either as primary therapy, in combination withplatinum, or as salvage therapy after failure of platinum. In advanced stages, there is suggestive evidence of partial responsiveness of OCCA toradiation as well as cchemotherapy, adriamycin, cytoxan, and cisPlatinum-containingcombinations (Yoonessi, 295). Radiation techniques include intraperitoneal radioactivegold or chromium phosphate and external beam therapy to the abdomen and pelvis. Therole of radiation therapy in treatment of ovarian canver has diminished in prominence asthe spread pattern of ovarian cancer and the normal tissue bed involved in the treatmentof this neoplasm make effective radiation therapy difficult. When the residual diseaseafter laparotomy is bulky, radiation therapy is particularly ineffective. If postoperativeradiation is prescribed for a patient, it is important that theentire abdomen and pelvis areoptimally treated to elicit a response from the tumor (Sharp, 278-280). In the last few decades, the aggressive attempt to optimize the treatment ofovarian clear cell adenocarcinoma and ovarian cancer in general has seen remarkableimprovements in the response rates of patients with advanced stage cancer withoutdramatically improving long-term survival. The promises of new drugs with activitywhen platinum agents fail is encouraging and fosters hope that, in the decades to come,the endeavors of surgical and pharmacoogical research will make ovarian cancer aneasily treatable disease. BibliographyAltchek, A., ; Deligdisch, L. (1996). Diagnosis and Management of Ovarian Disorders. New York: Igaku Shoin. Barber, H. (1993). Ovarian Carcinoma: Etiology, Diagnosis, and Treatment. New York: Springer Verlag. Coppleson, M. (Ed.). (1981). Gynecologic Oncology (vol. 2). New York: ChurchillLivingstone. Current Clinical Trials Oncology. (1996). Green Brook, NJ: Pyros Education. De La Cuesta, R., ; Eichorn, J. (1996). Histologic transformation of benignendometriosis to early epithelial ovarian cancer. Gynecologic Oncology, 60, 238-244. Disaia, P, ; Creasman, W. (1989). Clinical Gynecologic Oncology (3rd ed.). St. Louis:Mosby. Jenison, E., Montag, A., ; Griffiths, T. (1989). clear cell adenocarcinoma of the ovary: a clinical analysis and comparison with serous carcinoma. Gynecologic Oncology,32, 65-71. Kennedy, A., ; Biscotti, C. (1993). Histologic correlates of progression-free interval andsurvival in ovarian clear cell adenocarcinoma. Gynecologic Oncology, 50, 334-338. Kennedy, A., ; Biscotti, C. (1989). Ovarian clear cell adenocarcinoma. GynecologicOncology, 32, 342-349. OBrien, M., Schofield, J., Tan, S. (1993). Clear cell epithelial ovarian cancer: Badprognosis only in early stages. Gynecologic Oncology, 49, 250-254. ODonnell, M, ; Al-Nafussi, A. (1995). Intracytoplasmic lumina and mucinous inclusionsin ovarian carcinoma. Histopathology, 26, 181-184. Piver, S. (Ed.). (1987). Ovarian Malignancies. New York: Churchill Livingstone. Sharp, F., Mason, P., Blackett, T., ; Berek, J. (1995). Ovarian Cancer 3. New York: Chapman ; Hall Medical. Yamada, K., ; Kiyoshi, O. (1995). Monoclonal antibody, Mab 12C3, is a sensitiveimmunohistochemical marker of early malignant change in epithelial ovarian tumors. Anatomic Pathology, 103, 288-294. Yoonessi, M., Weldon, D., ; Sateesh, S. (1984). Clear cell ovarian carcinoma. Journalof Surgical Oncology, 27, 289-297.